overstatement to say that change and development of character were unknown in ancient historiography and biography (cf. Stanton: 121). Does this mean, though, that development of character, without the presentation of a character’s inward life or “personality,” is primarily a plot formulation rather than a character formulation (cf. Scholes and Kellogg: 168–69)? It does seem clear that the modern understanding that a character is to be understood primarily through his or her psychological development